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Pilots: Milk to Matzos
Chapter section from:
Airbridge to Berlin --- The Berlin Crisis of 1948, its Origins and Aftermath
By D.M. Giangreco and Robert E. Griffin
© 1988
(Used with permission)
Airlift supplies from the United States came primarily by ship to Bremerhaven, then by railroad to a railhead near the airfield, and then by truck to the airplanes. Supplies from sources in Europe were transported primarily by train or barge to the railhead. The Quartermaster Corps and the Bizone Control Office procured the supplies; the Transportation Corps operated the ships, trains, and truck companies to deliver the supplies to the planes; and the Ordnance Division provided the maintenance to keep the trucks operating. Most of the labor to load the planes was provided by Labor Service Companies consisting of displaced Poles, Estonians, Letts, Lithuanians, and other Eastern Europeans.
Some of the airfields used in the airlift had convenient access to railheads while others did not. This presented a varying problem in trucking. To keep the supplies flowing at a constant pace, a three-day supply was warehoused at each railhead. Large ten ton trailers, roughly corresponding to the carrying capacity of a C-54, were pulled up to the freight railcars and loaded in accordance with how the cargo was to be placed in the aircraft. The cargo was then trucked to the airfield control point where it was met by an Air Force airlift representative and a Transportation Corps representative.
An airplane returning from Berlin would be given instructions before landing on which hardstand number to pull up to and the trailer would be there to meet the incoming plane. The loading would be supervised by the airlift representative in accordance with loading requirements to make sure the weight was properly distributed on the plane for safety in flight. Upon its arrival in Berlin, the plane would be met by a crew of German workers and immediately off-loaded.
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From June 26, 1948 to September 30, 1949 more than 2,325,000 tons of food and supplies were flown to Berlin on some 277,500 flights. Of this total the most carried cargo was coal with more than 1,500,000 tons and then food with more than 500,000 tons. Other cargo items included liquid fuel, raw materials, industrial supplies, construction equipment, mail, newsprint, vehicles, medical supplies, and people.
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